THE ORTHODOX METROPOLIS OF ALBION




Welcome to the Official Website of The Orthodox Metropolis of Albion. We are an Eastern Orthodox Christen Metropolis. Our members are, clergy, monastic and faithful, all dedicated to the worldwide mission to share Faith, Prayer, Church Teachings, Charity Work, Unity, Dialogue, Traditions, Human Rights and Persecution matters. 

The Orthodox Metropolis of Albion, with its headquarters located in the City of London is an Eparchy of the Patriarchate of Antioch and Jerusalem. The Metropolis  of Albion serves as a beacon, carrier, and witness of the message of Christ to all persons who live in Great Britain, through divine worship, preaching, teaching, and living of the Orthodox Christian Faith. 

Our members live a simple lifestyle in the community, serve the poor, and resist social injustice. Most are grounded in the Gospel, prayer, and the Christian faith.

We are governed by a Metropolitan Archbishop who is the Primate. Although we are an independent canonical Orthodox jurisdiction, we submit ourselves both spiritually and traditionally to the  Archbishop of Constantinople-New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch.

We consider ourselves united and unified with our other sisters Eastern Churches by; Scripture, Doctrine, Holy Tradition, the Seven Ecumenical Councils, Seven Sacraments and the teaching of the Church Fathers.


Our Eastern Christian Tradition places us within the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church of God. We hold as sacred the Holy Scriptures, the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed of the Church, the Seven Sacraments and the teaching of the Church Fathers.

We draw on the rich Eastern Christian Tradition to help ourselves and others to discern God’s presence in our lives. As contemplatives in action, we bring this spirituality into the wider human context as we strive for the Christian faith, social justice, charity work, peace, education, dialogue and Church unity.

The mission of the Metropolis  is to proclaim the Gospel of Christ, to teach and spread the Orthodox Christian Faith, to energize, cultivate, and guide the life of the Church Great Britain according to the Orthodox Christian Faith and Tradition.

The Orthodox Metropolis of Albion sanctifies the faithful through divine worship, especially the Holy Eucharist and other Sacraments, building the spiritual and ethical life of the faithful in accordance with the Holy Scriptures, Sacred Tradition, the doctrines and canons of the Ecumenical and local Councils, the canons of the Holy Apostles and the Fathers of the Church and of all other Councils recognized by the Orthodox Church.

We serve all who Christ brings to our doors or who He takes us to on the streets. All set at Christ's table, Christians and others, we serve all. All are welcome 

THE ORTHODOX CHURCH 

The Orthodox Church today, numbering over 250 million worldwide, is a communion of self-governing Churches, each administratively independent of the other, but united by a common faith and spirituality. Their underlying unity is based on identity of doctrines, sacramental life and worship, which distinguishes Orthodox Christianity. The Orthodox Church embodies and expresses the rich spiritual treasures of Eastern Christianity.

 It should not be forgotten that the Gospel of Christ was first preached, and the first Christian communities were established in the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. It was in these eastern regions of the old Roman Empire that the Christian faith matured in its struggle against paganism and heresy. 

There, the great Fathers lived and taught. It was in the cities of the East that the fundamentals of our faith were proclaimed at the Seven Ecumenical Councils. The spirit of Christianity which was nurtured in the East had a particular flavour. It was distinct, though not necessarily opposed, to that which developed in the Western portion of the Roman Empire and subsequent Medieval Kingdoms in the West. While Christianity in the West developed in lands which knew the legal and moral philosophy of Ancient Rome, Eastern Christianity developed in lands which knew the Semitic and Hellenistic cultures. 

While the West was concerned with the Passion of Christ and the sin of man, the East emphasized the Resurrection of Christ and the deification of man. While the West leaned toward a legalistic view of religion, the East espoused a more mystical theology. Since the Early Church was not monolithic, the two great traditions existed together for more than a thousand years until the Great Schism divided the Church. Today, Roman Catholics and Protestants are heirs to the Western tradition, and the Orthodox are heirs to the Eastern tradition. Christians of the Eastern Churches call themselves Orthodox. 

This description comes to us from the fifth century and has two meanings which are closely related. The first definition is “true teaching.” The Orthodox Church believes that she has maintained and handed down the Christian faith, free from error and distortion, from the days of the Apostles. The second definition, which is actually the more preferred, is “true praise.” To bless, praise, and glorify God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit is the fundamental purpose of the Church. All her activities, even her doctrinal formulations, are directed toward this goal. Occasionally, the word Catholic is also used to describe the Orthodox Church.

 This description, dating back to the second century, is embodied in the Nicene Creed, which acknowledges One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church. From the Orthodox perspective, Catholic means that the Church is universal and also that she includes persons of all races and cultures. It also affirms that the Church has preserved the fullness of the Christian faith. It is not unusual for titles such as Greek, Russian, and Antiochian to be used in describing Orthodox Churches. These appellations refer to the cultural or national roots of a particular parish, diocese, or archdiocese. 

Diversity in Unity
 The Orthodox Church is an international federation of patriarchal, autocephalous, and autonomous churches. Each church is independent in her internal organization and follows her own particular customs. However, all the churches are united in the same faith and order. 

The Orthodox Church acknowledges that unity does not mean uniformity. Some churches are rich in history, such as the Church of Constantinople, while others are relatively young, such as the Church of Finland or the Patriarchate of Antioch & Jerusalem. Some are large, such as the Church of Russia, while others are small, such as the Church of Sinai. Each Church is led by a synod of bishops. 

The president of the synod is known as the Patriarch, Archbishop, Metropolitan, or Catholicos. Among the various bishops, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is accorded a "place of honour" and is regarded as "first among equals."

 The Eastern Orthodox Church is one of the three largest Christian denominations, viewing itself as the original church established by Christ and the Apostles, boasting a history of "right belief". It is a communion of self-governing (autocephalous) churches, predominantly in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, with roughly 250 million adherents globally. 

Core Beliefs & Practices 

Theology
 Orthodoxy believes in one God in three persons (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) and emphasizes the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father alone.

Worship
 Orthodox life revolves around the Liturgy and the seven Sacraments, viewing the Eucharist as the real, physical presence of Christ.

Veneration
 High honour is given to the Virgin Mary ("Theotokos") and saints, along with a deep devotion to icons 

Organization &  Structure
 The Church is not headed by a single pope, but rather is a communion of autocephalous churches (e.g., Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Antiochian) that are self-governing and overseen by patriarchs or metropolitans. These churches are united in faith, sacraments, and liturgical life. Key Historical Background .

Apostolic
 In the Orthodox Church, "apostolic" refers to the direct, unbroken historical lineage of bishops tracing back to the Apostles, alongside the preservation of original apostolic teaching, worship, and tradition. It signifies a living, continuous connection to the church founded by Christ, maintained through apostolic succession. Key aspects of 

Apostolicity in the Orthodox Church

Apostolic Succession:
The uninterrupted line of ordination. Orthodox bishops can trace their ordination back to the apostles, which is essential for valid sacramental life.

Apostolic Tradition
 Beyond just succession, this is the preservation of the faith handed down by the Apostles, including scripture, liturgy, and doctrine without innovations.

The Early Church Model
The Church maintains it has kept the same faith, order, and life as the undivided Church of the first millennium.

The Great Schism

Formally separated from the Roman Catholic Church in 1054 over theological differences (like the Filioque clause) and papal authority.

Geography
 While historically based in the Byzantine Empire, it is now globally spread, with significant populations in Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Greece, and throughout the diaspora in North America and Western Europe and the Middel East.


The Orthodox Church acknowledges that unity does not mean uniformity. Some churches are rich in history, such as the Church of Constantinople, while others are relatively young, such as the Church of Finland or the Patriarchate of Antioch & Jerusalem as an example.

Some are large, such as the Church of Russia, while others are small, such as the Church of Sinai. Each Church is led by a synod of bishops. The president of the synod is known as the Patriarch, Archbishop, Metropolitan, or Catholicos. Among the various bishops, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is accorded a "place of honour" and is regarded as "first among equals."

The Eastern Orthodox Church is one of the three largest Christian denominations, viewing itself as the original church established by Christ and the Apostles, boasting a history of "right belief". 

It is a communion of self-governing (autocephalous) churches, predominantly in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, with roughly 250 million adherents globally. 


Key Orthodox Theological Themes

 The Trinity & Apophatic Theology
 God is understood as the Holy Trinity, approached through apophatic theology (negative theology), acknowledging that God is ultimately beyond human comprehension and definition.

Christology & Theosis 
Orthodoxy emphasizes the Incarnation (God becoming human) and theosis, the transformation and deification of humanity by grace, allowing humans to become by grace what God is by nature.

Scripture & Tradition
Orthodox dogma is rooted in Holy Scripture and Sacred Tradition, which includes the teachings of the Church Fathers, the decisions of the Seven Ecumenical Councils, and the liturgy.

The Church & Sacraments
The Church is viewed as the Body of Christ and an ark of safety, with sacraments (mysteries) being the primary means of communion with God.

Heaven & Hell
These are not viewed as physical places or simply rewards/punishments, but as different experiences of God’s omnipresent grace—experienced as light/joy or darkness/anguish based on one's spiritual state. Worship and Life 

Liturgical Life Theology 
is not just theoretical but lived, with the Divine Liturgy as the peak of theological expression.Icons Icons are vital, functioning as windows into the divine and representing the sanctification of matter.

Pastoral Approach
 Orthodoxy maintains a strict adherence to tradition, yet often focuses on pastoral care, with a holistic view that connects theology with lifestyle (praxis).


 We are part of the One Holy Catholic Apostolic Church conforms to that of the undivided Catholic Church of the first millennium of its existence. It is expressed in the ancient Symbol of Faith of the Nicene Creed, promulgated by the Council of Nicaea in AD 325 and enlarged by the Council of Constantinople in AD 381:

"I believe in one God, the Father Almighty, maker of Heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible, and in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of God, begotten of the Father before all ages, God of God, Light of Light, true God of true God; begotten, not made; of one essence with the Father, by Whom all things were made, who, for us men, and for our salvation, came down from Heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary; and became man; He was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate, suffered, and was buried, and the third day He rose again, according to the Scriptures; and ascended into Heaven, and is seated at the right hand of the Father; and He shall come again with glory, to judge the living and the dead; whose Kingdom shall have no end, and in the Holy Spirit, the Lord and giver of life, Who proceed from the Father; Who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified; Who spoke by the prophets, and in One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church. I acknowledge one Baptism for the remission of sins; I look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen".

We believe that the source of the Orthodox Christian faith is fully expressed in the Nicene Creed (based on Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition).

We believe that Sacred Scripture (the Bible),which comprises the Old Testament (including the deuterocanonical/apocryphal books) and the New Testament, contains God’s revelation to us, particularly that concerning His Son, Our Lord Jesus Christ, and that in matters essential to our salvation it is inerrant.

ONE THE BIBLE
We do not consider the Bible to be a source of information concerning science or any other human discipline. Its purpose is to teach us about God and about His Son Jesus Christ. It does that within the cultural environment of its time and place, hence the need for careful study to understand its message correctly.

We believe that Sacred Scripture itself is part of Sacred Tradition, that process by which God’s revelation is passed on to us from the Apostles, and unto the Church Fathers and to the unbroken succession of Bishops through the centuries. This handing on occurs through the prayers and liturgy of the Church, through preaching, teaching, catechesis, devotions, doctrines, and the Bible itself.

We believe that Church Tradition is a collection of Orthodox Christian practices and beliefs, from the earliest of days, which makes Sacred Tradition an inerrant source of God’s revelation in matters essential to our faith and our Christian life. A very important part of Sacred Tradition is the teaching of the Ecumenical Councils.

We believe that the doctrinal definitions of the first seven Ecumenical Councils, that is those which took place within the undivided Catholic Church, were guided by the Holy Spirit and it accepts them as part of its faith. Those seven Ecumenical Councils are the Councils of Nicaea in AD 325, Constantinople in AD 381, Ephesus in AD 431, Chalcedon in AD 451, Constantinople II in AD 533, Constantinople III in AD 680, and Nicaea II in AD 787.These Councils were concerned essentially with defining the true Catholic faith, in the Holy Trinity and in Jesus Christ the Son of God made man: God is triune, a single God in three Persons, Whom the Saviour Himself named as Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Jesus Christ is the Son of God, uniting in His single Person both the divine and the human natures.

We believe that equally important in Sacred Tradition are the Seven Sacraments.
We believe that these Sacraments, which are Baptism and Eucharist, both of which are particularly attested to in Sacred Scripture; Confirmation (or Chrismation), Penance (or Reconciliation), Matrimony, Holy Orders and Unction (or Anointing of the Sick and the Dying), are effective signs of the Lord’s continuing presence and action within His Church and efficacious channels of his Grace. Among the Sacraments, the Holy Eucharist holds prominence of place.

We believe that Our Lord Jesus Christ is really and truly present, in His humanity and in His Divinity, in the species of bread and wine that have been consecrated in the Eucharistic Liturgy of the Holy Mass, and that in Holy Communion we receive Him into ourselves to nourish the very life of the soul: ‘Those who eat My Flesh and drink My Blood have eternal life, and I will raise them up on the last day’, (John 6:54).

We believe that in Our Lord Jesus’ plan for His Church, the Apostles and the Bishops hold a special place.

We believe that the Bishops, canonically and liturgically consecrated in the unbroken line of Apostolic Succession are the successors of the Apostles and that they are responsible, as were the Apostles, for the ministry of service to the Church, consisting of preaching and teaching, of sanctifying and of governing, but most of all, for the safeguarding and the handing-on intact, of the Deposit of Faith and Sacred Tradition of the Church under the divine command.

ON THE  BLESSED VIRGIN MART, THE THEOTOKOS
We believe that Mary, the Mother of Our Lord Jesus Christ, the Theotokos, the Mother of God, the Mother of the Church and the Queen of Heaven and earth, holds a special place in the faith, the lives and the liturgy of the our Church.

ON DORMITION OF THE THEOTOKOS 
We believe that the Dormition of Our Blessed Lady and Her ascension into Heaven, are held in accordance with Sacred Tradition, the Church Fathers and the Sacred Liturgy from the earliest of times; and in oneness with the Orthodox Church of the East and the Latin Roman Church in the West.

ON THE SAINTS 
We believe in the Communion of Saints, and the fellowship of the whole Church in Glory, the Church Militant and the Church Suffering. It holds to the honouring of Saints, and the prayers for their intercession for both the Church Militant and Suffering.

ON LIFE AFTER DEATH
Each person is subject to what is called "private judgment" and to what is called "general judgment”.

The private judgment is what an individual receives immediately after death.
The souls of the righteous, who have received a "positive" private judgment have a certain "foretaste" of Heaven, and the souls of unrepentant sinners who received a "negative" private judgment have a "foretaste" of hell.

However, neither Paradise nor the Inferno even exist yet, because the final division of all humans into those who are saints and those who are damned will occur only after the Second Coming of Christ and the general resurrection of the dead (Matthew 25: 31-46).

Even though a person whose soul is separated from his/her body is not able to repent anymore, and thus cannot change the private judgment by him- or herself, the prayers of others, the prayers of the Church, and especially the prayers of the Most Holy Mother of God the Theotokos still can change the destiny of those who received a negative private judgment.

ON THE DIVINE LITURGY
The authorized Eucharistic Liturgies we use in the Eastern Rite are: John Chrysostom, Basil the Great and Gregory the Theologian, Pope of Rome.

ON THE SEVEN SACRAMENTS OF THE CHURCH
The Seven Sacraments: We recognize and affirm the Seven Mysteries or Sacraments of the Church:

Baptism:

First place among the Sacraments of the Catholic  Christian Church is Holy Baptism, by which a man/women, who has come to believe in Christ, by being immersed three times in water in the Name of the Holy Trinity (Father, Son and Holy Spirit) is cleansed through Divine Grace of all sins (Original Sins and personal sins) and is reborn into a new holy, and spiritual life. Baptism serves as the door through which man enters into the House of Eternal Wisdom - the Church - for, without it, a man cannot be united completely with the Saviour, become a member of His Church, receive other Sacraments, and be the heir to Eternal Life. As the Lord Himself said, in His discourse with Nicodemus, "Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the Kingdom of God." (St. John 3:5)

Chrismation (Confirmation):
In the Sacrament of Baptism man is called out of spiritual darkness into the light of Christ and is initiated into the economy of salvation by the Son of God. This initiation is effected, however, in the Sacrament of Holy Chrismation.

"Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the Name of Jesus Christ," the Apostle Peter preached to the people on Pentecost, "and you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit." (Acts 2:38) Since that time the Divine Gift of the Holy Spirit is bestowed upon each person who rises from the baptismal font. And everything the Holy Spirit touches receives the seal of an invaluable treasure, a ray of eternal light, and the reflection of Divine action. It awakens in the soul that inner, spiritual thirst to grow toward the Heavenly, to the eternal and to the perfect as Temples of the Holy Spirit.

Communion (Holy Eucharist):

The central place among the Sacraments of the Catholic  Christian Church is held by the Holy Eucharist - the Precious Body and Blood of our Lord, God and Saviour Jesus Christ. The Saviour Himself said, "I am the Bread of Life; he who comes to Me shall not hunger, and he who believes in Me shall never thirst...If anyone eats of this Bread he will live forever; and the Bread which I shall give for the life of the world is My flesh." (St. John 6:35, 51) At the Last Supper, "Jesus took bread, and blessed, and broke it, and gave it to the disciples and said, 'Take, eat; this is My Body.' And He took a cup, and when He had given thanks He gave it to them, saying, 'Drink of it, all of you; for this is My Blood of the new covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins.' “(St. Matthew 26:26-28; cf. St. Mark 14:12-16; St. Luke 22:7-13; 1 Corinthians 11:23-30.)

Holy Ordination: 
In the Eastern Orthodox-Catholic Churches there are to be found three "Major Orders" - Bishop, Priest and Deacon - and two "Minor Orders" – Sub-Deacon and Reader. The Holy Apostles appointed seven men (Church Tradition calls them "Deacons') to perform a special serving ministry (Acts 6:2-6) and in his first letter to the Corinthians, St. Paul speaks of various ministries in the Church (1 Cor. 12:28). Likewise, he address his Letter to the Philippians, "To all the saints in Christ Jesus who are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons" (Phil. 1:1}. In his first Letter to Timothy, the Holy Apostle also speaks of the qualifications of Bishops and Deacons (1 Tim. 3:1-13), as well as in his Letter to Titus (1.5-9). Ordinations are accomplished by the Laying-on of Hands and intercession of the Holy Spirit. Bishops and Priests must be men. From Apostolic Times, as witnessed in Sacred Scripture and in the Ordination Rites of the Great Church of Constantinople, men and women have been ordained as Deacons. Being married has never been an impediment to the reception of Holy Orders.

Penance (Confession):
The Sacrament of Repentance developed early in the Church's history in the time of persecutions of the 3rd and 4th Centuries, when many people, giving to the threats of persecutors, apostasized and fell away from the Church. Apostacy was considered to be a very serious sin; many held the extreme position that such could not be received back into the Church in their lifetime, while others held that those who had lapsed should be re-baptized - that is, their sins should be washed away by a second baptism. Moderation, in the course of time, prevailed and a penitential discipline - the Sacrament of Repentance - developed, taking on the meaning of Second Baptism. In the Sacrament, the Priest is "only the witness" and pronounces the absolution. "If we confess our sins, [God] is faithful and just, and will forgive our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness." (St. John 1:9)

Holy Matrimony (Marriage):

In the theology of the Eastern Catholic Church;  man is made in the Image of the Most-holy Trinity, and, except in certain special cases (such as the calling to monasticism), he is not intended by God to live alone, but in a family situation. Just as Almighty God blessed the first humans, Adam and Eve, to live as a family, to be fruitful and multiply, so too the Church blesses the union of two people. Marriage is a state of Grace requiring a gift or charism from the Holy Spirit - this give being conferred in the Sacrament of Holy Matrimony.

Holy Unction (Anointing of the Sick):

This Sacrament is described in Holy Scripture by St. James the Brother of the Lord: "Is any among you sick? Let him call for the elders of the Church, and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord; and the prayer of faith will save the sick man, and the Lord will raise him up; and if he has committed sins, he will be forgiven." (St. James 5:14-15).  From the text, we can see that this Sacrament has a twofold purpose - bodily healing and the forgiveness of sins. The two are joined, for man is a unity of body and soul and there can be no sharp distinction between bodily and spiritual sickness. Of course, the Church does not believe that this anointing is automatically or magically followed by recovery of health, for God's will and not man's prevails in all instances. Sometimes the sick person is healed and recovers after receiving the Sacrament, but in other cases he does not recover, but the Sacrament, nonetheless, gives him the spiritual strength to prepare for death. 

We must note that this Sacrament is NOT only for those on their deathbed, but for anyone who is sick. It may also be performed over the healthy as well (as is the custom on Holy Wednesday) and in some traditions it is often performed over the healthy before Holy Communion, since the rite also contains elements of repentance, although it should be noted that this does not replace the Sacrament of Penance.
His Holiness Patriarch James III  
Patriarch of Antioch & Jerusalem



 His Holiness was bornin Le Mans (Sarthe) on December 17th1945. In 1984 he joined the Orthodox Church of France. He entered the monastic life on July 8, 1984 as a Novice Monk. He was ordained as a Subdeacon on November 1st, 1986, a Deacon on January 3rd, 1988 and a Priest on December 17th, 1988. In 1994, he joined the Melkite Orthodox Church and was elevated to the rank of Archimandrite. 

 In 2011 he founded the Orthodox Church of Europe, on April 2nd, 2011 he was consecrated by Orthodox Patriarch Moses of Ukraine for the Orthodox Church of Europe, as Bishop of  Lyon in Paris. On May 7th , 2012, he was elevated to the rank of Archbishop of Paris and given the dignity of Metropolitan of Europe.

On April 17th, 1915 in Paris, he took the monastic vows of Grand Habit. On October 10th 2015, he was elected Primate and President of the Holy Synod of the Orthodox Church of Europe. On April 17th, 2015, he took the monastic vows of the Great Habit (Great Schema) on the feast day of the Mother of God Life-Giving Source.

  In 2021 then Metropolitan Jacques was elected Patriarch with 160,000 Orthodox faithful voted for Metropolitan Jacques to head the newly established Patriarchate. The enthronement ceremonies of His Beatitude James III took place on April 30 and May 1st, 2021, near Orleans, at the monastery of the Most Holy Mother of God and Saint Nectarios of Aegina, seat of the Patriarchate.

 Today the Patriarch of Antioch & Jerusalem have jurisdictions in over 95 countries in five continents, plus 400 Bishops and 1800 Priests and more than 30,000 faithful. The Patriarchate by the Grace of God is flourishing every day where jurisdictions and churches are being established. 

Education, Degrees & Work
 2017 Honorary Doctorate Doctor
 Honoris Causa in Theology 
Honoris Causa of the Frederico II Academy
 Doctor Honoris Causa of the International Orthodox Academy of Advanced Theological Studies
 2018 Co-Chair of the World Alliance of Canonical Orthodox Churches 
Doctor hc from the School of Advanced Studies in Theology, Saint Melaine 
Dott. prof. Honoris Causa of the Frederico II Academy 
Co-Chair of the World Alliance of Canonical Orthodox Churches 
President of Orthodox Relief 
President of the International Orthodox Academy of Advanced Theological Studies 
Doctor hc from the School of Advanced Studies in Theology, Saint Melaine 
Dott. prof. Honoris Causa of the Frederico II Academy 
Co-Chair of the World Alliance of Canonical Orthodox Churches
 President of Orthodox Relief President of the International Orthodox Academy of Advanced 
Theological Studies 

His Holiness established & co-chaired with General Savoiu, Archon of the Ecumenical Patriarch, since 2016, the World Alliance of Canonical Orthodox Churches which brings together all Orthodox Churches, large, medium and small in the Orthodox Tradition and the same Love in our Lord Jesus Christ. The goal is to unite several million Orthodox faithful in agreement with the Ecumenical Patriarch Batholome I. 

In 2017, he established with Pastor Sostha Muvuma: The World of United Christians which brings together all Christians beyond the borders of religions, Catholics, Protestants and Orthodox without exclusivity in order to proclaim together the divine Brotherhood of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit. Children of the same Father, we want to achieve the goal of proudly carrying the Love of our God and acting for Peace in the world. The goal is to unite several tens of millions of Christians.

 Medals
Gold Medal and Grand Necklace of Heads of State (Senate 2022) 
Silver Medal of the City of Paris 
 Medal of Honor of the Austrasian Regiment
Gold Medal of the Civic Star 
 Civic Star Silver-Gilt Medal 
Gold Medal of the Civic Star 
Commander of the Universal League of Public Good 
Silver MedalRifle Regiment Fürst Karl Anton von Bohenzollern No. 40
 European Police Gold Medal 
NATO Medal 
Medal of the City of Milan 
Caesar of the Frederico II Academy
 Knight of the Military Order of Saint George       
 

The Most Rev. George
Metropolitan of the Orthodox  Metropolis of Albion 

(Great Brirain)



His Eminence Metropolitan Archbishop George was born in the Middle East in a Christian Family. From his youth, he was inclined to serve the Church. In the mid 80's, due to unstable political situation and civil wars in the region, he travelled to New York, USA to attend Saint Vladimir Orthodox Theological Seminary where he read Theology. He attained a MA Degree in Divinity; he also holds a MA Degree in Business Administration from Cornell University and a PHD in Eastern Theology as well. 


On the 22nd of April 1991, the Vigil service feast of Saint George the Great Martyr, he formally took the monastic vows in accordance to the Eastern Rite. On the 23rd of April 1991, he was ordained to the Holy Deaconate. 
On the 23rd of April 1992, he was ordained to the Holy Priesthood where he served in many parishes in the USA. 

In August 1994 he was elevated to the rank of Archimandrite. In June 1995 he was consecrated Titular Bishop. In 1998, Bishop George was asked to take on reinvigorating the missionary work in Eastern Africa. His mission was to create a strong Christian community mission work and education system in this part of the world. In 2005, he established a missionary school in Elegu, a town in Northern Region of Uganda. It sits across the international border from the town of Nimule, South of Sudan. In an effort to aid the children who lost their parents during the civil war, Bishop George founded in 2014, an Orphanage in Juba, South of Sudan The Orphanage took care of 52 children and sheltered displaced women. Working in Africa, Bishop George had the opportunity to work closely with many International Humanitarian Organizations and was successful in the many projects he was overseeing.

 In 2016, after spending many years in Central Equatoria and East Africa where he worked closely with Refugees’ Camps, Orphanages and Field Hospitals, Bishop George left Africa leaving a legacy through his efforts to assimilate with the indigenous Christians and empower them to embrace Christianity as their own. Bishop George moved to the United Kingdom to continue his mission and work in the vineyard of our Lord. 

On Sunday April 1st 2018, Easter Sunday, Bishop George founded; Together For Christ (TFC), a Christen Association For Unity, it's mission is to promote Christian Unity & Faith. Part of the mission is to engage with national and international conferences and facilitate group research projects; and to seek partnership with people and institutions both locally and around the world in order to contribute to their mission of teaching and transmitting the faith; the aim of work is to engage contemporary culture in light of Eastern Christian traditions. 


His Eminence very much desires to contribute to the growth and renewal of the Eastern Churches by extending an open invention to all. Bishop George was received by the Orthodox Church of America, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, he was elevated to the rank of Metropolitan Archbishop of Great Britain.

 In 2022, he was awarded by the Sovereign Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, Knights of Malta the Ukrainian Relief Medal of Honour in recognition to his aid and support to the refugees of Ukraine. 

On the 26th of April 2023, Metropolitan Archbishop George was received by the Patriarchate of Antioch & Jerusalem , he  was assigned as Metropolitan Archbishop of Great Britain.

 In 2026, Metropolitan George was awarded the medal of The Ukrainian Star from Ukraine Priory of the Sovereign Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, Knights of Malta. He was also acknowledged on two occasions by the President of the United State for his support and charity work and as an activist for human rights, and for his services in both social and Christian sides.

His Eminence is proficient in: English, Arabic, Berber, Patristic Greek, Classical Hebrew and Aramaic.
 
Q&A

  WHAT IS THE EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH? 
The Orthodox Church is one of the three main Christian groups (the others being Roman Catholic and Protestant). It is made up of a number of self-governing Churches which are either 'autocephalous' (meaning having their own head) or 'autonomous' (meaning self-governing). The Orthodox Churches are united in faith and by a common approach to theology, tradition, and worship. They draw on elements of Greek, Middle-Eastern, Russian and Slav culture. Each Church has its own geographical (rather than a national) title that usually reflects the cultural traditions of its believers. The word 'Orthodox' takes its meaning from the Greek words orthos ('right') and doxa ('belief'). Hence the word Orthodox means correct belief or right thinking. The Orthodox tradition developed from the Christianity of the Eastern Roman Empire and was shaped by the pressures, politics and peoples of that geographical area. Since the Eastern capital of the Roman Empire was Byzantium, this style of Christianity is sometimes called 'Byzantine Christianity'. The Orthodox Churches share with the other Christian Churches the belief that God revealed himself in Jesus Christ, and a belief in the incarnation of Christ, his crucifixion and resurrection. The Orthodox Church differs substantially from the other Churches in the way of life and worship, and in certain aspects of theology. The Holy Spirit is seen as present in and as the guide to the Church working through the whole body of the Church, as well as through priests and bishops. 

WHENEVER I READ ABOUT THE ORTHODOX CHURCH, THE WORD TRADITION ALWAYS COMES UP, CAN YOU EXPLAIN BRIEFLY HOW YOU EXPLAIN TRADITION?
  The ongoing life of God’s People is called Holy Tradition. The Holy Tradition of the Old Testament is expressed in the Old Testamental part of the Bible and in the ongoing life of the People of Israel until the birth of Christ. This tradition is fulfilled, completed and transcended in the time of the Messiah and in the Christian Church. The New Testamental or Christian Tradition is also called the apostolic tradition and the tradition of the Church. The central written part of this tradition is the New Testamental writings in the Bible. The gospels and the other writings of the apostolic church form the heart of the Christian tradition and are the main written source and inspiration of all that developed in later ages. 

This Christian tradition is given over from people to people, through space and time. Tradition as a word means exactly this: it is that which is “passed on” and “given over” from one to another. Holy Tradition is, therefore, that which is passed on and given over within the Church from the time of Christ’s apostles right down to the present day. Although containing many written documents, Holy Tradition is not at all limited to what is written; it is not merely a body of literature. It is, on the contrary, the total life and experience of the entire Church transferred from place to place and from generation to generation. Tradition is the very life of the Church itself as it is inspired and guided by the Holy Spirit. Not everything in the Church belongs to its Holy Tradition for not everything in the Church is done by the grace of the Holy Spirit, and not everything in the Church pertains essentially and necessarily to the Kingdom Of God. Some things in the Church are just temporal and temporary things, merely human customs and traditions of no eternal and everlasting value. Such things in themselves are not sinful or wrong. On the contrary, they may be very positive and very helpful to the life of the Church as long as they are not taken to be what they are not. Thus, it is very important in the Church to make the distinction between traditions which are merely earthly and human and passing away and the genuine Holy Tradition which pertains to the heavenly and eternal Kingdom of God. It is also important to recognize that there are also things in the Church which not only do not belong to Holy Tradition, but which are not even to be counted among its positive human traditions. These things which are just sinful and wrong are brought into the life of the Church from the evil world. 
The Church in its human form, as an earthly institution, is not immune to the sins of its unholy members.
 These deviations and errors which creep into the life of the Church stand under the judgment and condemnation of the authentic and genuine Holy Tradition which comes from God. Among the elements which make up the Holy Tradition of the Church, the Bible holds the first place. Next comes the Church’s liturgical life and its prayer, then its dogmatic decisions and the acts of its approved churchly councils, the writings of the church fathers, the lives of the saints, the canon laws, and finally the iconographic tradition together with the other inspired forms of creative artistic expression such as music and architecture. All of the elements of Holy Tradition are organically linked together in real life. None of them stands alone. None may be separated or isolated from the other or from the wholeness of the life of the Church. All come alive in the actual living of the life of the Church in every age and generation, in every time and place. As the Church continues to live by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, the Holy Tradition of the Church will continue to grow and develop. This process will go on until the establishment of the Kingdom of God at the end of the ages. 

WHAT CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT ICONS & ICONOGRAPHY?
 Icons play a central role in the liturgical and spiritual lives of Byzantine tradition. They adorn the walls and sanctuaries of our Churches and are frequently carried in processions. It is not uncommon for a Byzantine Christian to have an "icon corner" in their home designated for prayer. Rich theology of icons manifests to us something of the hidden spiritual realities that they represent. Icons are windows into the spiritual world. They help us to look into eternity and they make the historical events of our salvation, as revealed in Scripture, present to us. 
They are truly "theology in colour." Through their many symbols, icons allow us to touch the mysteries they represent. They tells us the story of what happened in the events they depict. It is common to hear of someone "writing icons" rather than "painting" them. We do not worship the icons, but only persons they depict. 
As a picture of a loved one helps us to keep him or her close to our heart, so too do the icons help in our prayer to be in the presence of God, to feel close to Him, the Mother of God, and all the saints and angels. They help us to know that God, the Theotokos, and the saints and angels are always close to us.

 HOW ARE YOU GOVERNED?
 Our governing structure follows the Eastern Orthodox Churches governing structure that governed itself. As for the Orthodox Metropolis of Albion, we are headed by a Metropolitan Archbishop who is the Primate. We are members the Antiochian & Jerusalem Patriarchate. 

WHAT DO YOU SAY ABOUT THE VIRGIN MARY, THE THEOTOKOS? 
We believe that Mary, the Mother of Our Lord Jesus Christ, the Theotokos, the Mother of God, the Mother of the Church and the Queen of Heaven and earth, holds a special place in the faith, the lives and the liturgy of our Church. 

The Virgin Mary holds a central place in the hearts and devotion of Orthodox. To understand why she is so important, it is necessary to delve into the teachings and beliefs of Orthodox Churches. First and foremost, both Orthodox and Byzantine Eastern Rite Christians, believe in the Incarnation, which is the belief that God became human in the person of Jesus Christ. This is an essential aspect of Eastern Orthodox theology, as it affirms the belief that God fully entered in a human experience to redeem and restore humanity. 
The Virgin Mary played a crucial role in the Incarnation, as she was the one chosen by God to be the mother of Jesus. This means that she was not just a vessel for the conception and birth of Jesus, but rather a fully human and fully divine being. She is therefore seen as a crucial figure in the salvation history of the Church, as she played a key role in the redemption of humanity through her son, Jesus Christ. In addition to her role in the Incarnation, the Virgin Mary is also revered for her holiness and her devotion to God. She is seen as an example of what it means to fully embrace one’s faith and to live a life dedicated to God. She is often depicted as the “new Eve,” as she is seen as reversing the sin of the first woman and becoming a model of obedient faith. 

The Virgin Mary is also a source of comfort and intercession for Christians. She is seen as a mother figure who is always ready to listen and to offer her maternal love and protection. Finally, the Virgin Mary is also revered for her role in the Church. She is seen as a model for the Church itself, as she exemplified the virtues of humility, obedience, and faith. She is also seen as a symbol of the Church’s unity, as she is the mother of all believers and is therefore a unifying figure for the Church. 
The Virgin Mary holds a central place in the hearts and devotion of both Orthodox and Catholic Christians due to her role in the Incarnation, her holiness and devotion to God, her role as a source of comfort and intercession, and her role in the Church. She is a deeply revered and beloved figure and her influence and importance cannot be overstated. 

HOW YOU UNDERSTAND THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION?
 The Eastern Orthodox Church rejects the Western dogma of the Immaculate Conception, which defines Mary as conceived without original sin, believing instead that she, like all humans, inherited original sin but was purified later by God's grace through the Holy Spirit, enabling her free-willed "yes" to bear Christ. While Orthodoxy highly venerates the Theotokos (Mother of God) as "all-pure" and sinless in life, we attribute this to her obedience and sanctification, not a special conception, seeing the Catholic doctrine as unnecessary and problematic for free will. 

WHAT DO YOU SAY ABOUT THE COMMUNION OF SAINTS? 
 We believe in the communion of Saints, and the fellowship of the whole Church in Glory, the Church Militant and the Church Suffering. It holds to the honouring of Saints, and the prayers for their intercession for both the Church Militant and Suffering. 

WHAT YOU SAY ABOUT LIFE AFTER DEATH?
Each person is subject to what is called "private judgment" and to what is called "general judgment”. The private judgment is what an individual receives immediately after death. The souls of the righteous, who have received a "positive" private judgment have a certain "foretaste" of Heaven, and the souls of unrepentant sinners who received a "negative" private judgment have a "foretaste" of hell. However, neither Paradise nor the Inferno even exist yet, because the final division of all humans into those who are saints and those who are damned will occur only after the Second Coming of Christ and the general resurrection of the dead (Matthew 25: 31-46). Even though a person whose soul is separated from his/her body is not able to repent anymore, and thus cannot change the private judgment by him- or herself, the prayers of others, the prayers of the Church, and especially the prayers of the Most Holy Mother of God the Theotokos still can change the destiny of those who received a negative private judgment.

 WHAT IS YOUR STAND ON THE FILIOQUE POSITION?
 We hold the solid and unquestioning beliefs as set out in the Creed of Nicaea/Constantinople of AD 381. We maintain that, whilst theological debate may continue regarding the Filioque clause, no Church and no Bishop or Bishops, nor successive Synods or Councils may change, alter, add to, or take away from, a Creed once it is proclaimed by a legitimate General Ecumenical Council, and that such Sacred Tradition is held as absolute by the Orthodox.

DO YOU RECOGNISE THE ECUMENICAL PATRIARCH?
 We are paternally affiliated with the Ecumenical Patriarchate. 

WHICH LITURGICAL CALENDAR YOU FOLLOW?
 We follow the Revised Julian Calendar that is followed and adopted by: the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, the Orthodox Autocephalous Church of Albania, the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria, the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch, the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, the Romanian Orthodox Church, the Cypriot Orthodox Church, the Church of Greece, the Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia, the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, Orthodox Church in America and the Orthodox Church of America.

 HOW MANY SACRAMENTS YOU HAVE?
 We recognise and affirm the Seven Sacraments of the Church:
 Baptism. 
Chrismation (Confirmation).
 Communion (Holy Eucharist).
 Holy Ordination. 
Penance. 
Anointing of the sick (Holy Unction of the sick and Extreme Unction for the dying). 
Holy Matrimony / Marriage.  

 WHAT IS YOUR UNDERSTANDING TO MARRIAGE?  
In our understanding, marriage is the oldest institution of divine law because it was instituted simultaneously with the creation of Adam and Eve, the first human beings (Gen 2:23). Since its origin, this union not only implies the spiritual communion of a married couple a man and a woman but also assured the continuation of humanity. As such, the marriage of man and woman, which was blessed in Paradise, became a holy mystery, as mentioned in the New Testament where Christ performs His first sign, turning water into wine at the wedding in Cana of Galilee, and th us reveals His glory (Jn 2:11). The mystery of the indissoluble union between man and woman is an icon of the unity of Christ and the Church (Eph 5:32). 

The Orthodox Church consider the union of man and woman in Christ constitutes “a small church” or an icon of the Church. Through God’s blessing, the union of man and woman is elevated to a higher level, for communion is greater than individual existence because it initiates the spouses into the order of the Kingdom of the All-Holy Trinity. A necessary condition of marriage is faith in Jesus Christ, which must be shared by the bridegroom and the bride, man and woman. Consequently, unity in Christ is the foundation of marital unity. Thus, marital love blessed by the Holy Spirit enables the couple to reflect the love between Christ and the Church as a mystery of the Kingdom of God—as the eternal life of humanity in the love of God. As for civil marriage between a man and a woman registered in accordance with the law lacks sacramental character since it is a simple legalized cohabitation recognized by the State, different from a marriage blessed by God and the Church.

 The members of the Church who contract a civil marriage ought to be regarded with pastoral responsibility, which is necessary to help them understand the value of the sacrament of marriage and the blessings connected with it. The Orthodox Church does not allow for her members to contract same-sex unions or any other form of cohabitation apart from marriage. 

The Orthodox Church exerts all possible pastoral efforts to help her members who enter such unions understand the true meaning of repentance and love as blessed by the Church. The grave consequences brought about by this crisis of the institutions of marriage and the family are manifested in the frightening increase in the number of divorces, abortions, and other problems of family life. These consequences constitute a great challenge to the mission of the Church in the modern world, which is why the shepherds of the Church are obligated to make every possible effort to address these problems. The Church lovingly invites her children and all people of good will to defend this fidelity to the sacredness of the family. 

DO YOU ORDAIN WOMEN? 
No, we do not ordain women to the Deaconate, Priesthood or Episcopate. We do not ordain women due to Holy Tradition, which mandates that ordination is reserved for men, following the example of Jesus Christ who chose only men as His Apostles. 

This tradition is rooted in scripture and the continuous practice of the Church, which views the ordained priesthood as a specific representation of Christ, not as a matter of gender equality or human rights. The Church's position is that it has no authority to innovate on this established order and that changing it would require a new divine revelation, not just societal shifts. Key Reasons for the Male Priesthood.

 APOSTOLIC TRADITION 
 Christ selected only men as His Apostles, and this order was followed and maintained by the Apostles themselves and their successors for the first 2,000 years of the Church.

THEOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION 
: The priest is seen as embodying Christ during the liturgy; Eastern theology holds that the male priest represents the "priestly Christ". Scriptural Basis: Scripture does not provide an example of Jesus ordaining women, and Saint Paul teaches that women should not have authority over men within the Church. Unchanging Tradition: We believe in preserving the faith and tradition handed down from the Apostles and sees no basis for introducing women's ordination. Key Arguments Against Changing the Tradition: 

LACK OF NEW REVELATION 
For the Church to change such a foundational aspect of its order, a powerful new revelation equivalent to the New Testament would be needed, which has not occurred. Not a Matter of Social Norms: The Church does not believe it should conform to evolving societal views on women's roles, as these are seen as separate from sacred tradition and scripture. 

DISTINCTION FROM EQUALITY 
The male priesthood is not considered an issue of sexism, worth, or inequality, but rather a matter of a divinely established pastoral office that represents Christ in a particular way. No Innovation in Faith: The  Orthodox Church is committed to non-innovation in matters of faith means that changing the male priesthood is seen as an impossible and radical alteration of established practice. 

WHAT IS YOUR UNDERSTANDING TO THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE CHURCH? 
 The role of a woman in the Church is the same as the role of a man in the Church. It is to be a member of the body of Christ. As part of this body, the Church, we are all called to listen to God. Being part of the “royal priesthood” means being a servant, making a sacrifice of ourselves for Christ, just as Christ did for us. Christ, the Archpriest, gave us this example. We have many male and female Saints who have given us great examples of “priestly” ministry as well as people in our own lives. Our challenges as a young woman or man are to look beyond some of the misconceptions that exist in the church and cultivate the gifts that God has given us. When we use them to serve humanity in His name, then we will have found our special role in the Church. It must be noted that  Eastern Church Tradition elevates woman as a person by giving her a vital role in the development of young people and their presence in society. Contrary to timeless perceptions and realities, which want women to be marginalized, the Church suspends any discrimination between the sexes by considering men and women as equal members of a Body, endowed with the same spiritual gifts and with a common goal of Communion with God. The exaltation of woman finds its highest expression in the face of the Virgin Mary and especially in her contribution to the incarnation of the Son and Word of God. 

The Theotokos is the ideal, beauteous and wonderful woman, a constant model of every Christian. Throughout the history of the Church, we find women role models, holy women who with their virtue served both God and man. The Canaanite and the bleeding women teach with their faith and perseverance. The weeping prostitute becomes the supreme example of repentance. The Samaritan woman – Saint Photini, Priscilla, Lydia, Saint Thekla and countless other women contribute to the work of preaching. Emmelia, Nonna, Anthousa become real mothers. Many women today are dedicated to the same ministry work, in the context of a variety of activities of their parish, whether they are related to charity, or to catechism and Christian education in general, or to other spiritual events (camps, conferences, etc.). The participation of women in this ministry work is inextricably linked to the special feminine nature and spirituality. In this way, the woman utilizes her personal and innate gifts, dynamically offering her share in the liturgical life of the Church as a worship community. No one can deny that the life of a Parish is largely based on the love, sacrifice and offering of all these women. 

The uniqueness of the woman and the functions she performs in the Church make her undoubtedly a member equal to the man. In the Eastern Tradition, respect for individuality is a fundamental principle. The fact that women are excluded from the sacrament of the priesthood, means in no way a devaluation of the Woman, as some want to see it. Priesthood is not an ecclesiastical profession, nor is it of a formal or customary nature. It is a Mystery instituted by Jesus Christ himself, given by Him only to the Apostles and to the successors of their work, the Men-Clergy. Why this possibility was given only to males is interpreted humanely as due to purely practical and biological reasons. Man, after all, is called with faith – trust in Him to accept and live the divine truths and actions. This fact, however, does not detract from the value of the woman as a person. After all, the possibility of sainthood exists freely and equally in both sexes. Let us not forget the following: The body has many parts, and each part has its own mission, which with its value and uniqueness contributes to the overall harmony.

 HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND FREEDOM? 
Freedom is one of God’s greatest gifts to the human being. He who created man in the beginning made him free and self-determined, limiting him solely by the laws of the commandment (Gregory the Theologian, Homily 14, On Love for the Poor, 25. PG 35, 892A). Freedom renders the human being capable of progressing toward spiritual perfection; yet it also includes the risk of disobedience as independence from God and consequently the fall, which tragically gives rise to evil in the world. 

WHAT IS YOUR UNDERSTANDING TO THE SPECIAL PASTORAL CARE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE?
 The Church’s special pastoral care for young people represents an unceasing and unchanging Christ-cantered process of formation. Of course, the pastoral responsibility of the Church also extends to the divinely granted institution of family, which has always been and must always be founded on the sacred mystery of Christian marriage as a union between man and woman, as reflected in the union of Christ and His Church (Eph 5:32). This is especially vital considering attempts in certain countries to legalize and in certain Christian communities to justify theologically other forms of human cohabitation that are contrary to Christian tradition and teaching. The Church hopes for the recapitulation of everything in the Body of Christ, it reminds every person coming into the world, that Christ will return at His Second Coming judging the living and the dead (1 Pet 4, 5) and that His Kingdom shall have no end (Lk 1:33) 

WHAT’S YOU’RE UNDERSTANDING ON ABORTION? 

The abortion of a child already conceived is strictly forbidden in our faith and cannot be justified in any way, except perhaps with the greatest moral risk and with the most serious penitence in the most extreme cases such as that of irreparable damage to the mother or her probable death in the act of childbirth. In such extreme situations, the mother alone must take upon herself the decision, and all must be prepared to stand before God for the action, asking His divine mercy. 

WHAT IS YOUR UNDERSTANDING TO SUICIDE? 
As Christians, we believe that life is a gift from God. The All-Holy and Life-Giving Trinity created all things and granted life to all living creatures. Out of His love, God made us, human beings, in His own divine image and likeness, entrusting us as stewards–not owners–of our lives, blessing us with the capacity of freedom, and calling us to a life of loving communion. 

Christ identifies the very purpose of His incarnation and earthly mission with the gift of life, proclaiming, “I came that they may have life, and have it more abundantly” (John 10:10). Remaining faithful to the Lord’s Gospel, the Church invites all human beings to enter in the living body of Christ, to be sustained through the life-giving sacraments, and to preserve and perpetuate both spiritual and physical life. Suicide is the intentional causing of one’s own physical death through a decisive act. Suicide is regarded generally with the Eastern Orthodox Catholic Tradition as a rejection of God’s gift of physical life, a failure of stewardship, an act of despair, and a transgression of the sixth commandment, “You shall not kill” (Exodus 20:13). 

On one hand, the Church condemns acts of suicide and declines to offer a funeral service and burial to a suicide victim. On the other hand, the Church acknowledges that while human freedom was not annihilated by the Fall, both spiritual factors (like acedia- spiritual torpor) and physical factors (like depression) can severely compromise a person’s ability to reason clearly and act freely. Regarding suicide, the Church takes very seriously such spiritual and physical factors and responds pastorally by offering a funeral service and burial to suicide victims whose capacities for judgment and action were found to be significantly diminished. Depression is an illness caused by both medical and psychological factors. It is characterized by physical changes such as loss of appetite, weight loss, and in some cases, weight gain. Both insomnia and hypersomnia are common symptoms. 

The primary focus of the Church and its pastoral ministry in cases of suicide is on the living, the family and friends of the deceased. Those left behind carry a great burden–of hurt, guilt, and shame–with the realization that their loved one has taken his/her own life. They look to the Church and especially to the parish family, for strength and hope regarding the deceased, and for the support and love they themselves urgently need. Far more cases of suicide than previously recognized involve spiritual and/or physiological factors that significantly compromise a person’s rationality and freedom. The parish priest should always consult with his diocesan hierarch to discern the proper course of action, the general pastoral recommendation being that a church burial and memorial services could be granted unless there were an absence of significantly diminished capacities.

WHAT YOU SAY ABOUT LIFE AFTER DEATH? 

Each person is subject to what is called "private judgment" and to what is called "general judgment”. The private judgment is what an individual receives immediately after death. The souls of the righteous, who have received a "positive" private judgment have a certain "foretaste" of Heaven, and the souls of unrepentant sinners who received a "negative" private judgment have a "foretaste" of hell. However, neither Paradise nor the Inferno even exist yet, because the final division of all humans into those who are saints and those who are damned will occur only after the Second Coming of Christ and the general resurrection of the dead (Matthew 25: 31-46). Even though a person whose soul is separated from his/her body is not able to repent anymore, and thus cannot change the private judgment by him- or herself, the prayers of others, the prayers of the Church, and especially the prayers of the Most Holy Mother of God the Theotokos still can change the destiny of those who received a negative private judgment.

SHOULD I JUST MOSTLY AVOID NON-ORTHODOX PEOPLE?
 No. If you do, you may find yourself a very lonely person. Why? We are called—commanded by Christ, in fact! to proclaim the Good News of Salvation to everyone—especially to those who have never heard it. 

If Christ had only hung around with religious people, the sinful woman would have never repented, the blind would have never been healed, the hopeless would have never been given hope, Zacchaeus would have never changed his life, etc. As Christ says, “I come not to save the righteous, but the sinner.” 
On the day of Pentecost, the apostles would have never proclaimed the Gospel to the multitudes if they had agreed to avoid everyone who did not hold the same religious beliefs. They would have stayed in the upper room, and the resurrection of Christ would have remained their private little secret. In short, don’t avoid those with no interest in religion or those who are not Orthodox; work to interest them in the love of God and to open them to a relationship with Him and His Holy Church. 
As we read in one of the epistles, become an example to others in life, faith, humility, love. Don’t be preachy, at least with your words. Let your actions be an example of what an Orthodox Christian—and all mankind, for that matter—is called to be, and do, and live, and experience, and hope.

WHERE DO YOU STAND FROM OTHER CHRISTIANS AND ALL OTHER MEN IN THE WORLD?
In the first place it must be made clear that it is not enough for anyone merely to believe , or merely to be a formal member of the Church. In order to be saved one must live by the truth and love of God. It is the common teaching of the Orthodox Christian tradition that the Church has no monopoly on grace and truth and love. The Church teaches on the contrary that God is the Sovereign Lord who saves those whom He wills. 
The Church believes as well that salvation depends upon the actual life of the person, and God alone is capable of judging since He alone knows the secrets of each mind and heart. Only God is capable of judging how well a man lives according to the measure of grace, faith, understanding, and strength given to him. 
The Orthodox would insist, nevertheless, that an honest seeker of truth and love will see these things perfectly realized and expressed in Jesus Christ and will recognize God, the end of their seeking, in Him. 
We all know, however, that our image of Christ is deformed both by the lives and the doctrines of those who claim him, and thus His truth and love and His very person remain obscure and hidden to those who might follow Him if they could see Him clearly. But once again, let it be clear that every man is judged by God alone according to the actual truth and love in his life. This goes for Orthodox and non-Orthodox alike. And although the Orthodox confess that the fulness of truth and love is found in the life of the church, nominal church membership or formal assent to some doctrines does not at all guarantee salvation.

HOW DO WE ANSWER A JEHOVAH’S WITNESS WHO FEELS HE IS ABSOLUTELY CORRECT IN ALL HE BELIEVES?

 How do we answer a Jehovah’s Witness who feels he is absolutely correct in all he believes? With a great deal of love and kindness! Being argumentative or insulting will not convert him/her; rather, it will produce a much stronger Jehovah’s Witness. Jehovah Witnesses are used to being rejected. Embrace them with the love we believe God Himself to be, rather than with antagonism. Actions in such cases speak much, much louder than words.




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